It seems the phrase of “economic collapse” is gaining
traction in Zimbabwe. From government Ministers to traders in the streets as
well as listed company statements- the narrative is the same: the economy is
collapsing. The immediate and usual statement from Government is that they are
looking for new money from China or other countries to save the economy.
The question is: does Zimbabwe actually need new money to
stabilise and grow, or rather, that it actually needs something else, and- what
is this something else?
This paper seeks to do two things. Firstly, it shall deconstruct
this big and largely perceptive thesis of a collapsing economy into easily
understood bits to facilitate public understanding. The second section shall
attempt to offer simple but objective solutions through which this economy can
be stabilised and grown.
The argument in this paper is that Zimbabwe needs no cent to
stabilise and grow its economy in the short term. The sickness in this economy
is not lack of money. That is a convenient lie.
There is money in Zimbabwe and other global capital markets to
get Zimbabwe grow even above 10% levels. The disease afflicting Zimbabwe is high
risk and uncertainty- and it is very easy to cure. In ZimAsset, the government
calls this a low-hanging fruit.
Even if the Government knows what to do, they further suffer
from what Policy scholars call the Pierre
Wack disease “knowing what to do, but for some reason, just not doing it”.
The government has to sit down and agree on competent policy
prescriptions, maintain such policies and ensure their alignment to avoid
policy incongruence’s.
Whilst it is true that the government is broke, it needs to
be stated that this condition of insolvency is not the problem, but a mere
symptom.
Zimbabwe has no cash/money
to pay for its goods and services to keep the country going like salaries, road
maintenance, defence and security. This situation is caused by two main things-
1) falling revenue to the state, and 2) increased government expenditure.
Some economists, especially the international financial
institutions preach the gospel of “tightening one’s belt” meaning the
government must retrench and shed off non-core services so that its budget is
leaner and more manageable.
On the other hand, the government could grow its sources of
revenue through taxation and borrowings. As it is, Zimbabwe can’t borrow, even
from China because her national debt estimated around $12bn is well above her national
budget of $4bn.
Zimbabwe is like a person only with a cell phone worth $50
but owing people $150. So no sane person will lend money to that cell phone fellow
because they are already trapped in debt.
Even China can’t lend money to Zimbabwe, despite the
friendship because Zimbabwe does not know what it wants. The Chinese are not
stupid just to sink money in a “leaking” Zimbabwe because China supported the
liberation struggle. That line of argument is both arrogant and defective. As a
sovereign and independent country Zimbabwe has to honour its responsibilities
both to Zimbabweans and the international community.
On the other hand, the move to tax the informal sector to
raise government revenue may work for weeks, but is as good as chasing the
wind. That is not the solution in the short term.
So the question is: what is the solution to Zimbabwe’s
economic collapse?
The Zimbabwean economy can grow rapidly even without a cent
of borrowing. The economy is a legal persona in its own right and all it needs
is “confidence” that the political leadership in Zimbabwe is sincere about
wanting that economy to function normally.
These confidence building measures include, i) crafting of competent
policies, ii) policy congruency and iii) policy consistency. The indigenisation
policy or rhetoric (whichever it is) is a good example. That policy is murky,
more opaque than masese beer,
inconsistent and very incongruent to other policies like the tourism drive and
the banking sector development strategy of this government. So, it’s not
sanctions or some conspiracy theories, but policy failure that is collapsing
this economy.
The biggest solution to our economic woes needs this
government to sit and clarify its priorities and interests in one Cabinet
sitting and address the world of its firm direction which every minister and
state department will follow religiously.
I argue that it’s not the priority business of government to “look”
for investment all-over the world to prop this falling economy. The government
must create an inviting environment for the economy to stabilise and grow.
The popcorn messaging from government further increases the risks
and uncertainties which make any money into Zimbabwe very expensive.
The cost
of doing business in Zimbabwe is too high. To start a company in Zimbabwe is a nightmare.
To get a passport in Zimbabwe is a nightmare. To get land in Zimbabwe- both for
housing and business is a nightmare. To freely express your different opinion
in Zimbabwe is a nightmare! A nightmare for Zimbabweans, let alone foreigners!
Brian Raftopoulos argues that economists must not crack their
heads trying to advise and help this government on how to grow the economy. He
argues that this government has people with the craft competence and statecraftcy
to manage a functional economy. They know how to stabilise and grow this
economy, but the political elite is not interested because they are
shareholders in the current chaos. The political elite benefit so much from the
confusion, corruption and deals in darkness.
The selling of a public park in Mutare to businessman Essau
Mupfumi without consulting residents, shareholders of the city of Mutare is one
such deal sealed in the dark between Minister Chombo and transporter Mupfumi. Mining,
land and government tenders among others are some examples of deals-of-darkness
that the political elite are focusing on.
I argue that even a $1billion bail-out from China will not
get this economy to stabilise let alone grow. The money will simply be looted. It’s
like the proverbial story of a sane person connecting a hosepipe to a leaking
tin and expects it to fill. It will not fill up. The simple issue is to seal
the holes and fill it!
Policy clarity, policy consistency and policy congruence from
this government is the touchstone!
Zimbabwe has enough money to power its own stabilisation, but
would of course need external capital injections to boost its growth in the
medium term.
The informal sector’s estimated $7bn can easily liquefy all
banks and lower the cost of capital. The old pieces of law which criminalise
and alienate the informal sector need to be changed. The informal sector is a
powerhouse that can spur initial growth.
People are not stupid. The effects of Dr Gono’s midnight bank
account raids are still with us. Domestic savings are low because no one trusts
the central bank. The Minister of Finance who took over the central bank’s debt
must return people’s moneys –with interest and get the depositors protection
commission to work so that people feel safe to bank!
In conclusion, one can argue that even though new capital is
necessary, it is not the first button to turn around this economy. Policy
clarity and congruence is a one day affair if this government is serious. In
ZimAsset, they refer to this as low-hanging fruits but God knows why they are
not picking this low hanging fruit. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a medium
term intervention, and will come not as a result of the government’s charm
offensive, but like all capital, follows opportunities!
The ball is therefore in the Government’s hand to reduce
risks and uncertainties through talking and acting “one way” as Chimbetu said.
Itai Zimunya tanatsei@gmail.com